Urban Planning Faculty Books

Can transportation problems be fixed by the right neighborhood design? The tremendous popularity of the 'new urbanism' and 'livable communities' initiatives suggests that many persons think so. As a systematic assessment of attempts to solve transportation problems through urban design, this book asks and answers three questions: Can such efforts work? Will they be put into practice? Are they a good idea?

Although architecture is the fastest-growing profession in America, its private context remains shrouded in myth. In this book, Cuff delves into the architect's everyday work world to uncover an intricate social art of design.

The Architect was the first book in fifty years to survey the role of the profession from its beginnings in ancient Egypt to the present. Without claiming to cover every period in every country, it is nonetheless the most complete synthesis available of what is known about one of the oldest professions in the world. Dana Cuff considers the continuing relevance of the book and evaluates changes in architectural practice and the profession since 1965, most particularly digital technology, globalization, and environmental concerns.

The provisional city is one of constant erasure and eruption. Through a "convulsive urban act," developers demolish an urban site and disband its inhabitants, replacing it with some vision of a better life that leaves no trace of the former structure. Architects bring their own utopian dreams to the process. In this book Cuff examines those convulsions through two dimensions of architectural and urban form: scale and the politics of property. Scale is intimately tied to degree of disruption: the larger a project's scale, the greater the upheaval. As both culture and geography, real estate plays an equally significant role in urban formation.

Focusing on Los Angeles, Cuff looks at urban transformation through the architecture and land development of large-scale residential projects. She demonstrates the inherent instability of very large sites.

Cuff explores five cases that span the period from the 1930s, when federal support for slum clearance and public housing caused convulsions near downtown, to a huge 1990s' mixed-use development on one of Los Angeles's last remaining wetlands.

How can metropolitan regions remain prosperous and competitive in a rapidly changing economy? Challenging some long-standing assumptions, Matthew Drennan argues that those regions that have invested heavily in the information economy have done much better than those that continue to rely on manufacturing and industry as their base. Moreover, he contends, the benefits of that growth reach the urban working poor, earlier reports to the contrary notwithstanding.

The Information Economy and American Cities provides a wealth of rigorously analyzed econometric data which will be of great value to economists, planners, and policymakers concerned with the future of America's metropolitan areas. Additional supporting data will be made available online. Not just another glib cheer for the information economy, this book provides the kind of hard evidence needed to advocate effectively for change.

Offering a new vision of community-based regionalism, this book arrives just as "smart growth" measures and other attempts to link cities and suburbs are beginning to make their mark on the political and analytical scene. The authors make a powerful case for emphasizing equity, arguing that metropolitan areas must reduce poverty in order to grow and that low-income individuals must make regional connections in order to escape poverty.

A hard-hitting analysis of Los Angeles demonstrates that the roots of the unrest of 1992 lay in regional economic deterioration and that the recovery was slowed by insufficient attention to the poor. Regions That Work then provides a history and critique of community-development corporations, a statistical analysis of the poverty-growth relationship in seventy-four metro areas, a detailed study of three regions that have produced superior equity outcomes, and a provocative call for new policies and new politics.

"This is a remarkable and timely book. A number of scholars and policy analysts have argued the case for uniting city and suburb. However, no study provides more compelling arguments for regional economic integration." William Julius Wilson

The first major book on the Amazon rain forest that discloses the chilling panorama of destruction, the power struggles of the defenders and destroyers, the work of Chico Mendes, and the clouded ecological future of this vast and precious area. The authors provide an ecological analysis of the Amazon as a place where humans dwell. Along with their concern for the vitality of the plants, animals, and microorganisms of the Amazon, the authors are interested in issues of social justice in the Amazon Basin.

Susanna Hecht, T., Downing, C. Garcia-Downing, H. Person, DEVELOPMENT OR DESTRUCTION: THE CONVERSION OF TROPICAL FOREST TO PASTURE IN LATIN AMERICA, Westview, 1992

The conversion of forests into grasslands and pasture extracts very high ecological, economic and human costs. Leading scholars and consultants from Latin America, Europe, and the U.S. approach this deforestation problem from multiple perspectives including anthropology, animal science, climatology, environmental science, ecology, geography, range management, government donors and the livestock and forest industries.

This is a major history and analysis of a Movement that now embraces almost every Third World country. It makes clear the changing panorama of issues that have confronted the non-aligned states, and the diversity of viewpoints that have emerged among them. The authors have written what amounts to a history of the post-war world as experienced by Third World countries in their efforts to redefine the international political agenda. The authors recount the critical debates that raged over what constituted the nature of non-alignment in a sharply polarized world. They discuss the significant contribution the Non-Aligned Movement has made to the procesess of international diplomacy and the development of international law. And they criticize the attempts of the great powers to undermine the independence of Third World countries.

A landmark work in its first edition, this critically acclaimed text has been updated to incorporate the greatly strengthened and enlarged insights of feminist theory and practice, and the enormous changes in women's studies since the original edition's debut in 1983. The new edition covers the most recent developments for women in politics, labor, and the changing family dynamic, and pays particular attention to women of color and ethnicity. The authors present a wide array of literature, exploring controversial topics that are of day-to-day concern for women, from racism and homophobia to class conflict and discrimination. Examining women's lives as individuals, as family members, and as a force in the greater social fabric, the second edition of Women's Realities, Women's Choices remains the most timely, comprehensive, and compelling introduction to the increasingly vital field of women's studies.

This is the first major collection devoted to the historical study of Asian/Pacific Islander women's diverse experiences in the United States. Organized around themes including gender, (trans) migration, cultural formations, war, work, globalization, motherhood, community, and activism, it presents women as historical subjects actively negotiating complex hierarchies of power.

The supply of housing in many parts of New York City drastically declined from the late 1960s through the 1980s. Through tax foreclosure New York City acquired two-thirds of Harlem's residential stock as landlords abandoned their rental properties. Many neglected buildings were also abandoned by their tenants. While on the surface, the cumulative effect of these changes appears to be near-total devastation of the community, From Aban-donment to Hope: Community Households in Harlem tells the story of tenants who continued to live in these neighborhoods by organizing and taking control of their buildings and their futures. Housing activists persuaded the city to transfer ownership of some of the buildings to tenants' associations as limited equity cooperatives and to community groups as either rental buildings or cooperatives.

The authors draw on interviews and analysis of survey data. Residents described the experience of living through abandonment and the processes by which the buildings were brought back into the housing stock. Race, gender, and age affected both residents' experiences and the actions they took. In contrast to the stories told by tenants in rental buildings, tenant cooperators saw the renovation of their homes as the result of their own effort, leading to not only improved shelter but also a measure of empowerment for themselves and their community.

The book develops the community household model of organization and leadership. The authors explore the connection between the successful management of housing abandonment and new ways of viewing housing policy, poverty, and local community development. They explore the implications of the community household model for public housing, mutual housing associations, and housing programs in other countries and suggest ways in which training, planning and design, as well as national and local housing policies, can encourage the development of more of these "community households" in order to begin to solve the country's housing crisis.

Dr. Leavitt argues that planning must include a sense of meaning of cultural indentities, and plans and program must integrate cultural differences. Otherwise, planners participate in dismissing the minority poor to the margins of society. Using Nickerson Gardens, a public housing project in Los Angeles, as an example, Dr. Leavitt provides a rich analysis of cultural differences in the perceptions of space and barriers (fences). The issues are relevant beyond Los Angeles. Rapid Rates of immigration are leading to cultural complexity in all our major cities, where tensions heighten as established minorities and immigrants compete for scarce jobs and public benefits.

The work of 20 housing experts which covers the history, evolution, and policy implications of low-income housing cooperatives in North America and Europe. Recommended for anyone looking for significant and practicable approaches to housing problems.

The readers of this book will find strong evidence in the articles for the proposition that housing cooperatives are an important housing form and that they work. They will also find warnings of the possible problems cooperatives can encounter. Sometimes they fail through inadequate funding, internal conflict or market decline, and at other times paradoxically through economic success. The authors also show that cooperatives can be created by remarkable people seeking control over their lives and that they can be weakened by their regularization in government. The reader will also learn that housing cooperatives are laboratories of human interaction and that community can result, but that social conflicts present in the larger society must be transcended before this end can be fully realized.

The Art of Computer Graphics Programming is a comprehensive examination of the computer as a design medium. A step-by-step, practical approach to computer graphics, this text offers an introduction to the Pascal programming language for generating a wide range of drawings from two dimensional elevations of simple buildings to complex renderings with paint systems..

The corporate downtown, with its multitude of social dilemmas and contradictions, is the focus of this well-illustrated volume. How are downtown projects conceived, scripted, produced, packaged, and used, and how has all this changed during the twentieth century? The authors of Urban Design Downtown offer a critical appraisal of the emerging appearance of downtown urban form. They explore both the poetics of design and the politics and economics of development decisions.

Following a historical review of the various phases of downtown transformation, the authors turn to contemporary American downtowns. They examine the phenomenon of public-space privatization, arguing that corporate open spaces are the consumer-oriented result of policies that have promoted downtown renovation and restructuring but at the same time have neglected the cities' existing poverty-stricken cores.

The book's case studies of individual West Coast downtown projects capture the essence of late twentieth-century urbanism. This analysis of downtown urban America, which offers extensive insight into the design and development process, will interest architects, city planners, developers, and urban designers everywhere.

"Insightful and a delight to read, the book should be read by city officials, land developers, and anyone involved or merely interested in the evolution and design of urban form and space."--Richard T. Lai, Arizona State University

Over the past four decades, the forces of economic restructuring, globalization, and suburbanization, coupled with changes in social policies have dimmed hopes for revitalizing minority neighborhoods in the U.S. Community economic development offers a possible way to improve economic and employment opportunities in minority communities. In this authoritative collection of original essays, contributors evaluate current programs and their prospects for future success.

Using case studies that consider communities of African-Americans, Latinos, Asian immigrants, and Native Americans, the book is organized around four broad topics. "The Context" explores the larger demographic, economic, social, and physical forces at work in the marginalization of minority communities. "Labor Market Development" discusses the factors that shape supply and demand and examines policies and strategies for workforce development. "Business Development" focuses on opportunities and obstacles for minority-owned businesses. "Complementary Strategies" probes the connections between varied economic development strategies, including the necessity of affordable housing and social services.

Taken together, these essays offer a comprehensive primer for students as well as an informative overview for professionals.

Urban sidewalks, critical but undervalued public spaces, have been sites for political demonstrations and urban greening, promenades for the wealthy and the well-dressed, and shelterless shelters for the homeless. On sidewalks, decade after decade, urbanites have socialized, paraded, and played, sold their wares, and observed city life. These many uses often overlap and conflict, and urban residents and planners try to include some and exclude others. In this first book-length analysis of the sidewalk as a distinct public space, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris and Renia Ehrenfeucht examine the evolution of the American urban sidewalk and trace conflicts that have arisen over its competing uses. They discuss the characteristics of sidewalks as small urban public spaces, and such related issues as the ambiguous boundaries of their "public" status, contestation over specific uses, control and regulations, and the implications for First Amendment speech and assembly rights.

Drawing on historical and contemporary examples as well as case study research and archival data from five cities—Boston, Los Angeles, New York, Miami, and Seattle—the authors focus on how the functions and meanings of street activities have shifted and have been negotiated through controls and interventions. They consider sidewalk uses that include the display of individual and group identities (in ethnic and pride parades, for example), the everyday politics of sidewalk access, and larger political actions (including Seattle's 1999 antiglobalization protests) and examine the complex regulatory frameworks that manage street and sidewalk life. The role of urban sidewalks in the early twenty-first century depends, the authors conclude, on what we want from sidewalk life and how we balance competing interests.

In the mid-1990s, the state government of Maharashtra introduced an innovative strategy of slum redevelopment in its capital city, Mumbai (Bombay). Based on demolishing existing slums and rebuilding on the same sites at a higher density, it is very distinct from the two prevalent conventional strategies with respect to slums in developing countries – slum clearance and slum upgrading. So why did the slum redevelopment strategy originate in Mumbai, and how did it do so? What were the key issues in the implementation of such a project?

This critical volume responds to these questions by closely examining one particular redevelopment project over a period of twelve years: the Markandeya Cooperative Housing Society (MCHS). It analyzes the problems faced and the solutions innovated; identifies non-traditional issues often overlooked in housing improvement strategies; reveals the complexities involved in housing production for low-income groups; and combines in-depth empirical research with historical, institutional, spatial and financial perspectives to improve our understanding of complex urban development processes.

In this absorbing story of how child abuse grew from a small, private- sector charity concern into a multimillion-dollar social welfare issue, Barbara Nelson provides important new perspectives on the process of public agenda setting. using extensive personal interviews and detailed archival research, she reconstructs an invaluable history of child abuse policy in America. She shows how the mass media presented child abuse to the public, how government agencies acted and interacted, and how state and national legislatures were spurred to strong action on this issue.

This in-depth analysis of the Minnesota experience--where pay equity has proceeded farther than any other place in the nation--focuses on what actually happened in implementing the most important and controversial wage policy since minimum wage and on the political, organizational, and personal consequences of using technocratic methods to change wage policy. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

"Women's studies scholars as well as lay readers interested in women's studies materials will find this well-considered and highly readable book enlightening. To prepare this work, the first of its kind, the editors selected 43 countries representative of various political systems all over the world and asked locally based scholars to describe the political status of women there. While the editors conclude that women have no "political status, access, or influence equal to men" in any of the countries examined, they can still exert some political influence through other channels. There is a brief analysis of the ways women participate in political systems, an explanation of the study's methodology, and a look at the difficulties involved in a study of this scope. Following are "country chapters" in which, after a one-page summary of a country's political and demographic traits, scholars describe the history of women's movements in their country and the behind-the-scenes political maneuvering that women's organizations have used to obtain legislation on issues of concern to them. Strongly recommended for academic and larger public library collections." Jill Ortner, School of Information & Library Studies, SUNY at Buffalo

The Concord Project is an international research and action program whose mission is to strengthen “concord organizations,” which bring together people with fundamentally opposing views or identities for the purpose of promoting civil society while recognizing group differences. The Project identifies concord organizations and investigates the characteristics that make them successful at creating “bridging social capital”–the human and organizational resources that span social differences. The Project disseminates its findings widely, through written materials and training programs to nonprofits, NGOs, governmental organizations, foundations, and businesses interested in developing stronger cross-community structures and leadership skills.

This Handbook is based on models of action developed in more than 100 concord organizations in four geographical areas–the United States, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Israel, and Palestine. Each region has a history of imaginative concord activities as well as long-standing intergroup conflict.

The result of a year long study by researchers at UCLA's Urban Planning Program, Beyond Asian American Poverty focuses on the needs and conditions of "invisible" Asian Americans - the working poor, the unemployed and those dependent on welfare. Using data gathered from these Asian American communities in Los Angeles, the book provides invaluable documentation of the obstacles facing this population as well as a framework to guide community economic development efforts in other cities. Its recommendations will challenge existing policies and enlighten the discussion on Asian Americans and their role in revitalizing America's inner cities.

This collection of original essays examines the social and political consequences of the globalization of the apparel industry in Asia, Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and the United States. The contributors analyze the countries' trade policies, the apparel industry's network of capital ad labor, working conditions in garment factories, and the role of workers, especially women. Written by scholars of various nationalities and from different disciplines, this volume provides a look at the industry from the perspective of participants within each country and illustrates a general trend toward the internationalization of production and global economic restructuring.

"An excellent and often impressive book that advances our understanding of the internationalization of production and the ways in which it is actually implemented in specific sites." —Saskia Sassen, Department of Urban Planning, Columbia University

"[C]ontains an impressive array of good case studies on a variety of regions and countries, with special focus on how the United States apparel industry relates to globalization in each case."
—Journal of American Ethnic History

Asian Pacific Americans-the nation's fastestgrowing ethnic and racial population-have long been stereotyped as an economically succesful ,'model minority.." However, as the essays in this book demonstrat6, this population of seven million Americans is an economically diverse group comprised of three significant clusters: the highlyeducated, the entrepreneurs, and the disadvantaged. In this collection of essays, academicians and policy experts propose an Asian Pacific American perspective on critical economic policy issues now facing the U.S., specifically workforce training, health care reform, high-tech research and development, welfare reform, and urban revitalization. This public policy report is the second published by the recently established LEAP Asian Pacific American Public Policy Institute and the UCLA Asian American Studies Center.

The end of 'World War II and the enactment of the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 marked the beginning of a new Asian immigration. The new Asian immigrants—among them higher proportions of women and middle-class professionals, managers, and entrepreneurs—have been profoundly affected and influenced by the restructuring of the global economy, particularly in Pacific Rim industries. This volume focuses on Los Angeles as a critical "world city" in the developing global economy and also as the center of new Asian immigration. Included are discussions of the settlement patterns of various groups of Asians in relation to the social, economic, and political developments in Asia and the United States. At a local level, the contributors examine the garment and health care industries in Los Angeles to explore the role of new Asian immigrants in the city's economy and politics.

"[A]n excellent volume that...articulates the connections among global, national, and regional processes, and situates Asian immigration experiences within this nexus." —Contemporary Sociology

Most Americans support the elimination of race and gender prejudice and inequality, yet attitudes toward solutions have fluctuated in the years since the civil rights movement. A heated debate over the explicit use of race and gender based categories has taken central stage in the 1990's.

All eyes are now focused on California - a state that has set precedent for anti-discrimination initiative since its first policies in 1934 preceded federal policies by almost a decade. The contributors to this volume came together with the belief that today's highly emotional and rhetorical debate over affirmative action would be better informed if it were grounded in analysis of the strategies and outcomes of California's programs over the last quarter century.

Chapters explore such arenas as higher education, federal and state contracting, public employment, and minority - and women- owned businesses. The cumulative analysis in the book is then used to explore the current and future impacts of Proposition 209 and other legislation that eliminates affirmative action programs.

As America enters a new millenium, we are still struggling with how to achieve racial justice. Effective solutions for solving the "race problem" must come from an understanding of new and emerging realities. Asian Pacific Americans are a driving force behind the transformation, and this editied volume examines their impact on racial concepts, race relations and race-related policies. This project assembles a multi-disciplinary team of nationally renowned researchers and scholars to examine racial attitudes and opinions, the historical and political construction of racial categoroes, hate crimes, affirmative action, residential segregation and integration, and the responsiveness of human rights agencies. The authors document how racial identity is created and embodied in individual attitudes and institutional practices and argue for policies that go beyond the black-white paradigm. The findings show that Asian Pacific Americans occupy a unique position in a complex racial hierarchy. To broaden our perspective, this volume also looks at the experiences of Asians in the United Kingdom and Australia, revealing alternative policy frameworks that emphasize integration and multiculturalism.

Solving the race problem in the United States will require restructuring existing institutions and developing new ones in which Asian Pacific Americans can and must play a major role in generating new possibilities.

At the dawn of the 21st Century, California confronts the enormous challenges of a quickly changing workforce and economy. Policymakers, state agencies, and community organizations will need to understand beyond an anecdotal sketch - the trends and the underlying forces if California is to continue to provide adequate jobs over the coming decades.

The Institutes of Industrial Relations, at UCLA and UC Berkeley, with its world-class scholars, are in a unique position to provide much needed insights on labor and employment issues. This volume taps the extraordinary research that is being conducted throughout the University of California. The 25 contributors examine a broad range of topics, including a forecast of the labor market, earnings inequality, immigrant labor, informal employment, agriculture workers, minimum wage, training, web based learning, worker safety, welfare reform and organized labor. (Paul M. Ong and James R. Lincoln)

Over the past four decades, the forces of economic restructuring, globalization, and suburbanization, coupled with changes in social policies have dimmed hopes for revitalizing minority neighborhoods in the U.S. Community economic development offers a possible way to improve economic and employment opportunities in minority communities. In this authoritative collection of original essays, contributors evaluate current programs and their prospects for future success.

Using case studies that consider communities of African-Americans, Latinos, Asian immigrants, and Native Americans, the book is organized around four broad topics. "The Context" explores the larger demographic, economic, social, and physical forces at work in the marginalization of minority communities. "Labor Market Development" discusses the factors that shape supply and demand and examines policies and strategies for workforce development. "Business Development" focuses on opportunities and obstacles for minority-owned businesses. "Complementary Strategies" probes the connections between varied economic development strategies, including the necessity of affordable housing and social services.

Taken together, these essays offer a comprehensive primer for students as well as an informative overview for professionals.

Free parking is the most common fringe benefit offered to workers in the U.S. Is it any wonder, then, that 91 percent of them drive to work—or that most of them drive solo? The cost of this park-ing subsidy is about 1 percent of the gross national product and four times the amount of funding for public transit. This report, a complement to Shoup’s The High Cost of Free Parking, shows how employers who offer their employees the option to cash out their parking subsidies can discourage solo driving and its attendant social, environmental, and infrastructure costs. It also suggests ways planners can bring this option to their communities.

Off-street parking requirements are devastating American cities. So says Shoup in this no-holds-barred treatise on the way parking should be.

Free parking, Shoup argues, has contributed to auto dependence, rapid urban sprawl, extravagant energy use, and a host of other problems. Planners mandate free parking to alleviate congestion, but end up distorting transportation choices, debasing urban design, damaging the economy, and degrading the environment. Ubiquitous free parking helps explain why our cities sprawl on a scale fit more for cars than for people, and why American motor vehicles now consume one-eighth of the world’s total oil production.

But it doesn’t have to be this way. Shoup proposes new ways for cities to regulate parking, namely, charge fair market prices for curb parking, use the resulting revenue to pay for services in the neighborhoods that generate it, and remove zoning requirements for off-street parking. Such measures, according to the Yale-trained economist and UCLA planning professor, will make parking easier and driving less necessary.

Building on the work of Foucault, Giddens, Jameson and Lefebvre, one of America's foremost geographers argues for a radical rethinking of the dialectics of space, time and social being.

This work represents the elusive, but nevertheless highly visible, complex of interactions between the individual and the state, the public and the private, and the manner of their expression in the human environment. It is at once an exploration and a critique of the new politics of culture as expressed in the capitalist cities of the West. The capitalist city is no longer what it used to be, and the means of understanding it require the radical reformulation so trenchantly proposed and practised here. Using perspectives drawn from social and cultural theory, architecture, planning, post-colonialism and feminism, the author challenges accepted ideas about the meanings of urban form and social life. He illustrates his argument with examples drawn from his own perceptions of the dynamics of social experience.

The book provides and employs a new mode of thinking about space, theory, urbanism and justice. Its underlying ambition is to erase the categories of oppressor/oppressed, and colonizer/colonized and the injustice that emanates from them.

Los Angeles has grown from a scattered collection of towns and villages to one of the largest megacities in the world. In the process, it has inspired controversy among critics and scholars, as well as among its residents. The editors have assembled a variety of essays examining the built environment and human dynamics of this modern city, emphasizing the dramatic changes that have occurred since 1960. Together the essays - by experts in planning, architecture, geography and sociology - create a new kind of urban analysis, one that is open to diversity but strongly committed to collective theoretical and practical understanding.

This is a comprehensive text in the growing field of critical urban studies dealing with the dramatically restructured megacities - here called postmetropolis - that have emerged over the last half of the 20th-century all over the world. At its core is a discussion of the six discourses on the postmetropolis that have developed, locally and globally, to make sense of the urbanization process.

The book may be seen, in part, as a sequel and an extension to the arguments put foward in "Thirdspace". It seeks to widen further the geographical imagination and to increase the depth and understanding of the ways in which people understand and live within the spaciality of social life. It is also a book about contemporary Los Angeles, an interpretation of its turbulent recent history and geography. Here, the text revolves, in particular, around the Justice Riots of 1992 and what the author argues has been a shift from crisis-generated restructuring to what can now be called a restructuring-generated exercise.

Examines whether distance from jobs or racial discrimination in youth markets explains a greater part of minority youth's employment problems, focusing on the Washington, DC suburban area. Reviews major works related to the author's spatial mismatch hypothesis, and tests this hypothesis by comparing the employment outcomes of young males living in central cities and suburbs using dynamic measures of unemployment. Analyzes the impact of the movement of jobs from central cities to suburbs on young males's employment outcomes, and uses the case of black suburbanization in the Washington, DC area to explore the relative importance of race and space in lower employment. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Although employment rates among welfare recipients have risen substantially since the early 1990s, many questions about welfare-to-work efforts remain. What are the employment prospects of the least skilled and least experienced welfare recipients? How well do they perform? Are their wages and benefits sufficient to achieve financial independence over time? In Employers and Welfare Recipients: The authors draw on detailed employer survey data from four cities (including Los Angeles) to answer these and other questions. The survey focuses on employers¹ willingness to hire welfare recipients, the extent to which they have already done so, and the nature of their experiences with these new employees. It also asks about the demographic characteristics of those hired, the sorts of jobs these employees tend to fill, and their performance in those jobs. In addition to analyzing the survey responses, the authors compare the success these four cities have had in moving welfare recipients into the workforce.

The authors found that the overall demand for these workers is strong, especially in the retail trade sector, among minority-owned businesses, and at establishments located near public transportation stations and the neighborhoods of welfare recipients. However, they also found evidence that employer demand for these workers will diminish significantly during the next economic downturn. If so, improving access to suburban jobs may become a more pressing need. The authors also suggest that local intermediary agencies could become more involved in the job placement process and that local workforce boards and agencies focus on retention and reducing absenteeism as well as on job placement.

With the introduction of more aggressive policing, prosecution, and sentencing since the late 1970s, the number of Americans in prison has increased dramatically. While many have credited these "get tough" policies with lowering violent crime rates, we are only just beginning to understand the broader costs of mass incarceration. In Barriers to Reentry? experts on labor markets and the criminal justice system investigate how imprisonment affects ex-offenders' employment prospects, and how the challenge of finding work after prison affects the likelihood that they will break the law again and return to prison.

An understanding of the mechanisms of production and work is critical to any effective analysis of the origins, historical trajectory, and internal structure of capitalist societies and the world system. One of the central moments of any such analysis is the question of geographical anatomy. This book brings together work by some of the foremost researchers on problems of industrial development and geographic change. The book breaks new ground in building up a problematic of productive activity, labor markets and territorial organization in modern capitalism. The authors then explore the different theoretical, analytical and empirical structrures defined within this problematic. Several new approaches are developed to location theory, local labor markets in cities and regions and regional analysis generally.

Why do cities, regions and nations experience periods of pronounced growth and decline? Why have the world's centres of economic activity been continually reshuffled as the industrial revolution has spread to new parts of the globe?

This book demonstrates that under capitalism, the process central to growth is geographical industrialization, and that the creation and use of territory is fundamental to economic development. The authors draw on a wide range of disciplines to put forward a theoretically coherent and incisive view of capitalist expansion, renewal and decline. In doing so, they make new contributions to the study of growth theory, industrial economics, technological change, industrial organization, labour markets, urban and regional development, and theoretical human geography. Beginning with the economics of disequilibrium growth, the authors reveal the technological, organizational and political foundations of industrialization, and conclude by showing that the territorial forms that industry takes are central to the shape and survival of capitalism itself.

The world has seen a shift in socio-economic relations - in the patterns and processes of industrialization and regional development. The social regulation of the economic order, flexible production organization and industrial district formation have brought periods, places and pathways to the heart of the economic debate.

Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development provides a platform from which to address the new economic order. All the major schools of thought are presented. Focusing upon the interactions between economic logic and political institutions at both local and global levels, the authors set the agenda for the 1990s.

This intellectually bold but accessible book seeks to go beyond limitations of the reigning neoclassical and institutional paradigms in explaining the organization of economic activity. It does this by construing "non-economic" factors such as institutions, cultures, and social practices as conventions, which coordinate economic actors by defining specific "frameworks of economic action." In these conventional frameworks, the standard distinction between economic and non-economic no longer exists. The authors explore in detail four basic frameworks--or "possible worlds of production"--which underpin the mobilization of economic resources, the organization of production systems and factor markets, patterns of economic decision making, and forms of profitability. The case studies examine how these possible worlds act to support innovative production complexes in a variety of sectors in several countries.

The authors show that economic actors coordinate actions with one another and interpret what others are doing in ways that are constructed by convention. The principal challenge to economic policy today, they argue, is to reconcile internally coherent conventions with the external tests of product and financial markets, which tend increasingly to escape jurisdictional borders. There is no single model of growth and efficiency that brings these two sides together around the world today, even in narrowly defined product markets. If policies are to deal effectively with an increasingly unified global system of flows of commodities, money, and people, they must be aware of the diverse, economically viable action frameworks found in different industries, regions, and nations.

The Regional World proposes a compelling new theory of how regions have sustained their economic viabilityin the era of multinationalc orporations.l Unlike traditional approaches, which analyse economic systems in terms of their mechanics (inputs, outputs, prices, technology, etc.) this work views them as sytems for coordinating human actions and relationships. Reconceptualizing the role of learning, technology, and local institutions in development, the author illuminates the key role of regional economies as building blocks of the increasingly connected world.

Drawing on the example of late-developing countries, especially from East Asia, catching up with established powers, the authors address a new formulation of industrial policy for latecoming, semi-industrialized countries. With contributions from some of the best-known economists currently working in this area, the book will be a valuable guide for economists and international policy-makers interested in development issues.

Homelessness, AIDS, and Stigmatization shows how society's view of who is acceptable and who is not defines the opposition faced by many human service facilities at the local level. Homelessness and HIV/AIDS provide the focus for exploring the NIMBY syndrome, through a wide range of empirical examples and case studies.

Environmental degradation resulting from rapid industrialization has become a serious issue for the governments of Southeast Asia. It not only threatens the quality of life of residents but also the capacity and potential for economic growth. Thailand, and particularly its capital city Bangkok, represents an important example of this uncontrolled growth in terms of economic gain as well as environmental loss. It is therefore an ideal case for studying how to improve policy design and implementation for environmental management in rapidly developing urban areas.

This volume focuses on three interrelated factors in environmental management in Bangkok and other rapidly developing urban areas along the Pacific Rim: government policy and enforcement, non-governmental organization intervention, and community participation. It examines the influence and consequences of community input and substantive participation in the design and implementation of environmental management projects and makes important connections among environmental conditions, community perceptions and action, environmental policy, and state intervention.

Over 20 million people are working part-time in the United States, more than six million of them involuntarily. Both Time and Fortune magazines have run recent cover stories about this constrained faction of the workforce, who tend to earn on average 40 percent less than full-time workers. Addressing this disturbing trend, Chris Tilly presents a current, in-depth analysis of how U.S. businesses use part-time employment, and why they are using it more and more.

Worker demand for part-time jobs peaked more than twenty years ago, but employers' desires for cheap labor and schedule flexibility have continued to drive the long-term growth of part-time jobs. Tilly argues that this growth is a reaction to the expanding trade and service industries, which, by their nature, depend on part-time workers. Examining the nature and purposes of the different types of part-time employment, he explores the roots of part-time jobs in the organization of work, and the inadequacies of existing public policies on part-time employment.

Using not only statistical analysis but over eighty interviews with employers in the retail and insurance industries, Tilly suggests new approaches to providing flexibility without insecurity.

Work Under Capitalism synthesizes recent institutionalist & Marxist ideas about the organization of production, situating production within a social context. Starting with the transaction rather than the individual, it builds upon a coherent theory & applies it to a wide More... range of experience, from household labor to transformations of health care in Great Britain & the United States. This book's analysis sheds new light on persisting inequalities by race & gender in the labor market. Written with advanced undergraduates in economics, public policy, sociology, history, & other social sciences in mind, it should also stir wide discussion among professional students of work & labor markets.

Despite today's booming economy, secure work and upward mobility remain out of reach for many central-city residents. Urban Inequality presents an authoritative new look at the racial and economic divisions that continue to beset our nation's cities. Drawing upon a landmark survey of employers and households in four U.S. metropolises, Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles, the study links both sides of the labor market, inquiring into the job requirements and hiring procedures of employers, as well as the skills, housing situation, and job search strategies of workers. Using this wealth of evidence, the authors discuss the merits of rival explanations of urban inequality. Do racial minorities lack the skills and education demanded by employers in today's global economy? Have the jobs best matched to the skills of inner-city workers moved to outlying suburbs? Or is inequality the result of racial discrimination in hiring, pay, and housing? Each of these explanations may provide part of the story, and the authors shed new light on the links between labor market disadvantage, residential segregation, and exclusionary racial attitudes.

In each of the four cities, old industries have declined and new commercial centers have sprung up outside the traditional city limits, while new immigrant groups have entered all levels of the labor market. Despite these transformations, longstanding hostilities and lines of segregation between racial and ethnic communities are still apparent in each city. This book reveals how the disadvantaged position of many minority workers is compounded by racial antipathies and stereotypes that count against them in their search for housing and jobs.

Until now, there has been little agreement on the sources of urban disadvantage and no convincing way of adjudicating between rival theories. Urban Inequality aims to advance our understanding of the causes of urban inequality as a first step toward ensuring that the nation's cities can prosper in the future without leaving their minority residents further behind.

Is the United States justified in seeing itself as a meritocracy, where stark inequalities in pay and employment reflect differences in skills, education,and effort? Or does racial discrimination still permeate the labor market, resulting in the systematic under hiring and underpaying of racial minorities,regardless of merit? Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s African Americans have lost ground to whites in the labor market, but this widening racial inequality is most often attributed to economic restructuring, not the racial attitudes of employers. It is argued that the educational gap between blacks and whites, though narrowing, carries greater penalties now that we are living in an era of global trade and technological change that favors highly educated workers and displaces the low-skilled.

Stories Employers Tell demonstrates that this conventional wisdom is incomplete. Racial discrimination is still a fundamental part of the explanation of labor market disadvantage. Drawing upon a wide-ranging survey of employers in Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, and Los Angeles, Moss and Tilly investigate the types of jobs employers offer, the skills required, and the recruitment, screening and hiring procedures used to fill them. The authors then follow up in greater depth on selected employers to explorethe attitudes, motivations, and rationale underlying their hiring decisions,as well as decisions about where to locate a business.

Moss and Tilly show how an employer's perception of the merit or suitability of a candidate is often colored by racial stereotypes and culture-bound expectations. The rising demand for soft skills, such as communication skills and people skills, opens the door to discrimination that is rarely overt, or even conscious, but is nonetheless damaging to the prospects of minority candidates and particularly difficult to police. Some employers expressed a concern to race-match employees with the customers they are likely to be dealing with. As more jobs require direct interaction with the public, race has become increasingly important in determining labor market fortunes. Frequently, employers also take into account the racial make-up of neighborhoods when deciding where to locate their businesses.

Ultimately, it is the hiring decisions of employers that determine whether today's labor market reflects merit or prejudice. This book, the result of years of careful research, offers us a rare opportunity to view the issue of discrimination through the employers' eyes.

Across the United States, increasing numbers of employers are breaking, bending, or evading long-established laws and standards designed to protect workers, from the minimum wage to job safety standards to the right to organize. This "gloves-off economy," no longer confined to a marginal set of sweatshops and fly-by-night small businesses, is sending shock waves into every corner of the low-wage labor market. In the process, employers who play by the rules are under growing pressure to follow suit, intensifying the search for low-cost business strategies across a wide range of industries and ratcheting up into ever higher reaches of the labor market. Although other books have touched on pieces of this problem, The Gloves-off Economy is the first to provide a comprehensive, integrated analysis-and quite a disturbing one. This book examines a range of gloves-off practices, the workers who are affected by them, and strategies for enforcing workplace standards. The editors, four respected labor scholars, have brought together economists, sociologists, labor attorneys, union strategists, and other experts to offer varying perspectives on both the problem and the creative solutions currently being explored in a wide range of communities and industries. The authors combine rigorous analysis with a stirring call to renew worker protections in the twenty-first century.

This book cuts through the powerful mythology surrounding Los Angeles to reveal the causes of inequality in a city that has weathered rapid population change, economic restructuring, and fractious ethnic relatins. The sources of disadvantage and the means of getting ahead differ greatly among the city's myriad ethnic groups. The demand for unskilled labor is stronger here than in other cities, allowing Los Angeles's large population of immigrant workers with little education to find work in light manufacturing and low-paid service jobs.

A less beneficial result of this trend is the increased marginalization of the city's low-skilled black workers, who do not enjoy the extended ethnic networks of many of the new immigrant groups and who must contend with persistent negative racial stereotypes.

Patterns of residential segregation are also more diffuse in Los Angeles, with many once-black neighborhoods now split evenly between blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and other minorities. Inequality in Los Angeles cannot be reduced to a simple black-white divide. Nonetheless, in this thoroughly multicultural city, race remains a crucial factor shaping economic fortunes.

This book provides important insights about past understandings of immigration and crime, many based on theories that have proven to be untrue or racially biased, as well as offering new scholarship on salient topics. Overall, the contributors argue that fears of immigrant crime are largely unfounded, as immigrants are themselves often more likely to be the victims of discrimination, stigmatization, and crime rather than the perpetrators.